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The reproductives live in a central chamber in the nest in which a femalequeen or queenwill put many thousands of eggs each year over her entire life span of about 10 years. Man, or kings, are responsible for fertilising the queens. Reproductives are commonly observed.
The young termites develop in the colony by shedding cuticles at the end of each growth stage, slowly changing until they get to the worker, soldier or adult (winged form). If queens die, some supplementary reproductives may carry on the colony as neotenics.
Reproductives are generally darker than employees and soldiers. They have functional eyes and their more robust skin (cuticle) can resist the outside environment. After flight, unlike other insects, the wings of termites are discarded and piles of shed wings are a good clue to termite infestations.
Officials have darker, bigger heads than the other castes. They are blind, wingless, and have undeveloped reproductive organs.
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Soldiers are tougher than the other castes and take longer to die from many toxins, exposure, or starvation. It's their function to defend the colony, if upset, while the damage is repaired by the employees.
Soldiers exist in different types. Most species have soldiers, with well-developed jaws (mandibles) used to crush attackers, such as ants.
Nastute soldiers occur in Nasustitermes species and are only rarely found as pests in Victoria. They have a snout from which they eject a solution which irritates and glues attackers.
Soldiers have a head, which can be wedged in tunnels to block attackers. Are only occasional introductions to Victoria.
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The employees account for the greatest number of termites within the colony, and are consequently responsible for the most harm.
They gather food, groom termites, construct tunnels and repair damage in addition to tending to the kings, queens and their young. These termites are thought to work 24 hours a day throughout their life span. Worker termites are generally unpigmented. They are blind, wingless and have undeveloped reproductive organs. .
Termites hatch from eggs which have been tended by their own nest mates in specially constructed nurseries.
As soon as they are mature enough, the young work within the colony where occupations change with age and maturity.
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Once a single colony gets sufficiently large it generates winged reproductives which wait in specially constructed chambers until prepared to depart the nest and undertake a colonising flight.
They leave the nest as a swarm under conditions of high humidity, still atmosphere, and at times low light. Termites are not strong fliers and usually only fly around 1km, but breezes and updrafts can carry them a lot further.
Upon landing near a suitable nest site, the female sheds her wings and emits a calling scent. Males respond.
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They dig in and over the next few weeks, mate and take care of their young until enough employees grow to take over the maintenance functions.
New colonies are occasionally created via budding. This is believed to occur when the extremities of this colony get rid of contact and eventually become independent.
The main king and queen are thought to exude hormones, which suppress the development of the remainder of the colony. This control breaks down if the land is big or contact with groups is lost.
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Termites work in nests or colonies. They hatch from eggs as larvae, which are fed by mature termites. They then develop into castes or four kinds of termite:
Soldiers have big, black heads, are blind, wingless, and have undeveloped reproductive organs. Soldiers are more demanding than other castes and may take longer to control. Some species of soldier termites have strong additional resources jaws (mandibles) used to crush attackers, such as ants.
Workers are colourless, blind, wingless and have undeveloped reproductive organs. Workers are the caste within a colony and are, therefore, responsible for harm.
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Reproductives that are darker in color to other castes, have functional eyes and strong skin. This caste becomes the leaders of colonies.
The temperature, food quality, and action of the colony will determine how long it takes for a termite.
Nests and tunnels are kept moist because employee termites cannot stand humidity for long periods of time. The temperature within the nursery of a nest ranges between 10 C and 35 C but changes more than one level every day. The relative humidity is approximately 100 per cent.
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It is important to properly identify the type of pest termite before beginning treatment. This will help you understand the habits of this colony, find the nest and indicate the suitable system of control.