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The reproductives live in a central room in the nest where a lady queen or queenwill put many thousands of eggs each year over her entire life span of about 10 years. Male, or kings, are responsible for fertilising the queens. Multiple reproductives are commonly observed.
The young termites grow in the colony by shedding cuticles at the end of each growth stage, slowly changing until they get to the employee, soldier or grownup (winged form). If queens perish, some supplementary reproductives can carry on the colony as neotenics.
Reproductives are generally darker than workers and soldiers. They have functional eyes and their more robust skin (cuticle) is able to resist the outside environment. After flight, unlike other insects, the wings of termites are lost and piles of shed wings are a hint to termite infestations.
Officials have heads that are darker than the other castes. They're blind, wingless, and have undeveloped reproductive organs.
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Soldiers are more demanding than the other castes and take longer to die from many toxins, exposure, or starvation. It's their function to defend the colony, if upset, while the damage is fixed by the workers.
Soldiers exist in different forms. Many species have soldiers, with well-developed jaws (mandibles) utilized to crush attackers, such as ants.
Nastute soldiers occur in Nasustitermes species and therefore are only infrequently found as pests in Victoria. They've a snout from which they eject a tacky solution which irritates and glues attackers.
Phragmotic soldiers have a head, which can be wedged in tunnels to prevent attackers. The drywood termites, which utilize this particular strategy, are only occasional introductions to Victoria.
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The workers account for the largest number of termites within the colony, and are therefore responsible for the most damage.
They gather food construct tunnels and fix damage in addition to tending to the kings, queens and their young. These termites are thought to work 24 hours a day throughout their 4-year life span. Worker termites are generally unpigmented. They're blind, wingless and have undeveloped reproductive organs. .
Termites hatch from eggs which have been tended by their own nest mates in specially constructed nurseries.
As soon as they are old enough, the young work within the colony in which occupations change with age and adulthood.
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Once a single colony becomes sufficiently large it generates winged reproductives that wait in specially constructed chambers until prepared to leave the nest and undertake great site a colonising flight.
They leave the nest for a swarm under conditions of high humidity, still atmosphere, and at times low light. Termites are not strong fliers and usually only fly around 1km, but breezes and updrafts can take them a lot further.
Upon landing near a suitable nest site, the female sheds her wings and emits a calling scent. Men quickly respond.
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They dig in and over the next few weeks, partner and look after their young until enough workers develop to take over the maintenance roles.
New colonies are created via budding. This is thought to occur when the extremities of this colony lose contact and eventually become independent.
The king and queen are thought to hormones, which suppress the sexual development of the remainder of the colony. This control breaks down whether the territory is large or contact groups is dropped.
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Termites work together in nests or colonies. They hatch from eggs as mammals, which can be fed by mature termites. They then develop into four kinds or castes of termite:
Soldiers have large heads, are blind, wingless, and have undeveloped reproductive organs. Soldiers are more demanding than other castes and might take longer to control. Several species of soldier termites have strong jaws (mandibles) used to crush attackers, such as ants.
Workers are colourless, blind, wingless and have undeveloped reproductive organs. Workers are the caste within a colony and are, therefore, responsible for damage.
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Reproductives that are darker in color have functional eyes and robust skin. This caste becomes the pioneers of colonies.
The temperature, food grade, and activity of this colony will determine how long it takes to get a termite to develop from egg to mature.
Nests and tunnels are kept moist because worker termites cannot stand humidity for long periods of time. The temperature within the nursery of a nest ranges between 10 C and 35 C but rarely varies more than one level a day. The relative humidity is approximately 100 per cent.
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It's important to properly identify the type of pest termite before beginning treatment. This can allow you to understand the customs of this colony, find the nest and indicate the appropriate method of control.